杉木集成薄木生产工艺研究

为提高杉木利用的科技含量和附加值,将径级120mm以上的杉木,经横截纵剖等工序制成杉木方材,去节后经过开榫接长,制成长方材后拼宽成413(483)mm的宽幅板材,经刨光、冷压成规格为2500mm×413(483)mm×495(595)mm的集成木方,最后湿木方在刨切机上刨切出厚度0.15~2.0mm的杉木集成薄木。该薄木产品可广泛应用于各种人造板贴面和家具装饰装修,具有很大的推广应用前景和市场潜力。     

硅溶胶/丙烯酸酯复配乳液改性人工林杉木

用硅溶胶/丙烯酸酯复配乳液对杉木人工林木材进行改性处理,探讨浸渍时间和浸渍压力对处理木材性能的影响.结果表明,复配乳液在压力作用下,填充并固化于木材空隙中,与木材细胞壁物质发生了化学键合,从而提高了木材的力学性能.较优的改性工艺为浸渍压力1.0 MPa、浸渍时间90 min.     

The value of sea urchin,Lytechinus variegatus,egesta consumed by shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Sea urchins produce high‐energy, membrane‐bound fecal pellets that contain residual nutrients and large quantities of microbiota. These egesta are readily consumed by the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Egesta of the sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, were evaluated as a feed supplement or total replacement for a commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp were stocked at 0.49 g ± 0.06 g initial body weight and housed individually in 2.8‐L tanks in a commercial recirculating zebrafish system. Shrimp were assigned to one of six diets: commercial shrimp feed, reference sea urchin feed, collected dried sea urchin egesta, collected wet sea urchin egesta, half ration of shrimp feed and half collected wet sea urchin egesta, and egesta naturally produced by two sea urchins in polyculture. Equivalent dry matter amounts of each diet were proffered to shrimp in each treatment twice daily, except for those that had complete access to natural egesta excreted by sea urchins in polyculture. Sea urchins were proffered a reference sea urchin feed at 2% body weight daily. After 27 days, shrimp proffered collected dried or wet egesta did not differ significantly in percent weight gain and showed the lowest weight gain. The percent weight gain of shrimp fed the commercial shrimp diet did not differ significantly from that of the shrimp fed half commercial shrimp diet and half egesta. The highest weight gain was recorded for those shrimp that consumed the untouched egesta produced by sea urchins in polyculture. These data suggest that consumed egesta have noteworthy nutritional value and therefore would be beneficial to the culture of extractive species in an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system.     

Feed preference and growth response of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei to supplementation of marine chemoattractants in a fishmeal‐challenged diet

This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m² in 56 tanks of 1 m³ and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m³. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated.     

中晚熟大白菜新品种玉莲1 号的选育

玉莲1 号是以自交不亲和系玉田包尖S05-8 为母本，自交不亲和系莲舒S05-23 为父本杂交后选育而成的直筒中晚 熟大白菜一代杂种。生育期80～85 d（天），植株为直筒型，绿白帮，叶色深，株高约48 cm，开展度62 cm 左右，叶片光亮， 略带褶皱，外叶直立。球心叶黄绿色，球高43 cm、粗15 cm，单球质量2.4 kg，一般每667 m² 产量8 800 kg。耐贮藏，叶球柔 软，风味品质好。田间对抗病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、干烧心的抗性好于对照津绿75。适宜辽宁、吉林及相似生态区种植。     

克氏原鳌虾在养殖过程中形成铁壳虾的原因及对策

克氏原鳌虾又称小龙虾、红鳌虾、淡水小龙虾,是淡水经济虾类。因肉味鲜美,深受广大消费者欢迎,因其杂食性,生长速度快,适应能力强而在当地生态环境中形成绝对的竞争优势。由于小龙虾的高密度养殖,在诸多因素影响下产生了大量铁壳虾,铁壳小龙虾,又称“丁壳虾”“钢虾”等。笔者于2019年5月份走访龙虾田口,安徽地区小龙虾养殖行业增加了很多稻虾养殖户电话,微信中虾农时常提起“铁壳虾”,“红头虾”,顾名思义,虾壳厚且坚硬,甲壳呈现艳红色,而且头大身子小,尾部肉质较少,松散。全身黑色,看上去很脏,并且身黏附着很多水生微生物。本文分析了影响克氏原鳌虾产生铁壳虾的因素,指出“铁壳虾”给养殖户带来的危害,结合各地铁壳虾情况,提出有效降低稻田中铁壳虾比例的有效方法,最后提出关于稻虾田水质管理的指标,供养殖户参考。     

Dietary Photoprotective Compounds Ameliorate UV Tolerance in Shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) through Induction of Antioxidant Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on bioaccumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds acquired through the diet, in larvae and postlarvae of Pleoticus muelleri, and to assess tissue antioxidant activity, survival, and development. Mysis stage I were exposed to two artificial radiation treatments: M‐PAR (photosynthetically active radiation, range = 400–700 nm) and M‐PAR + UVR (280–700 nm). The experimental larvae received a mixed dietary treatment of Artemia persimilis and the microalga Pavlova lutheri, reared under two radiation regimes: PAR (D‐PAR) and PAR + UVR (D‐PAR + UVR). Shrimp from all treatments reached 8 d postlarval stage (PL8), except those under M‐PAR + UVR treatment fed the D‐PAR‐cultured algae, which had 0% survival. Larvae in M‐PAR + UVR and M‐PAR treatments fed with D‐PAR + UVR diet presented the highest survival rates (70 and 75%, respectively), with 37 and 41% increase in PL size. UV‐absorbing compounds were detected in microalgae and PL subject to PAR + UVR treatments. Antioxidant activity, quantified by measuring the free‐radical 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl in homogenates of PL8, decayed drastically under radiation treatment M‐PAR + UVR fed with algae of the D‐PAR + UVR treatment. It is concluded that the bioaccumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds and the highest antioxidant activity in PL could improve the biochemical and photophysiological responses of shrimp under UVR stress.     

Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.     

十种含浙贝母中成药中的二氧化硫残留量分析

采用《中国药典》2015年版四部通则2331二氧化硫残留量测定法第一法对10种含浙贝母(Fritillaria thunbergii)中成药中的二氧化硫残留量进行测定和分析。结果表明,有2个厂家的2种中成药的二氧化硫超标,合格率为86.7%。     

昆虫取食和剪叶刺激对油松针叶内部分防御物质的诱导效应

为了研究自然条件下昆虫取食及剪叶刺激对油松诱导抗性的影响,本试验应用香草醛—盐酸法,亚硝酸钠—硝酸铝比色法以及紫外分光光度法,分析了剪叶和不同程度油松毛虫取食处理后,混交林和纯林中油松针叶内部分次生代谢物和蛋白酶抑制剂活性的动态变化。结果表明:剪叶及不同程度油松毛虫取食能够诱导缩合单宁、黄酮含量和胰蛋白酶抑制剂、胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂活性增加。与对照相比,胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂在混交林中的活性比纯林更为明显。说明剪叶及昆虫取食可诱导增加油松针叶内的缩合单宁和黄酮含量、提高胰蛋白酶抑制剂和胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的活性,进而增强油松的抗虫性,林分类型可在一定程度上影响油松诱导防御物质的变化。